Ecografía pulmonar en emergencias valor diagnóstico frente a la radiografía de tórax en la identificación temprana del edema agudo de pulmón en pacientes atendidos en emergencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22324662Palabras clave:
congestión pulmonar, ultrasonografía a pie de cama, disnea, insuficiencia cardiaca aguda, líneas BResumen
El edema agudo de pulmón constituye una causa crítica de disnea cuyo reconocimiento temprano condiciona la oportunidad terapéutica en emergencia. El objetivo fue analizar el valor diagnóstico de la ecografía pulmonar frente a la radiografía de tórax para la identificación temprana del edema agudo de pulmón en pacientes atendidos en servicios de emergencia. Se realizó una revisión narrativa estructurada de literatura biomédica, con búsqueda y verificación en PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library y documentos de consenso, priorizando estudios comparativos, metaanálisis y guías clínicas. La evidencia mostró una sensibilidad consistentemente mayor de la ecografía pulmonar, con estimaciones comparativas de 88,0% frente a 73,0% y de 91,8% frente a 76,5%, mientras la especificidad fue generalmente comparable y dependiente del contexto clínico. Los estudios recientes confirmaron ventajas de rapidez a pie de cama y capacidad de exclusión, aunque las líneas B permanecen inespecíficas y dependientes del operador. Se concluye que la ecografía pulmonar posee alto valor para la evaluación inicial y debe integrarse con clínica, ecocardiografía, biomarcadores y radiografía cuando aporte información anatómica adicional.
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Referencias
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